Components of watch mainly can be divided into two big categories, external parts and internal parts.
External parts
Crystal: protect the watch dial
Case: protect watch movement from outer damage like dust, moisture or shock, meanwhile offering the watch a charming and stylish look.
Bracelet: two main materials are used most frequently leather and metal
Bezel: main two kinds as well, one is fixed bezel, offering an aesthetic appearance for the watch, another type is the rotatable bezel, mainly applied on sporty watches.
Caseback: protect inside movement
Dial: used for displaying time, also a design of the watch itself, can be found with different shapes, materials.
Hands: for indicating the specific time
Crown: used for adjusting time, date, winding, made of steel or gold
Clasp: mainly made from steel, titanium
Internal parts
1. Gasket: prevent the watch from outside damages like exterior substance and bad weather
2. Movement and its special function
1) Autoquartz: the batteryfree movement with quartz precision and reliability.
The kinetic energy generated by the oscillating weight in the Autoquartz is transformed into electricity. This is stored in a capacitor and monitored by a tiny electric circuit and quartz oscillator to produce the sort of precision typically associated with quartz. The capacitor holds enough power in reserve to keep the watch going for a full 100 days even when it is not being worn.
2) Quartz: The tiny piece of quartz serves as the watch's "oscillator." All timepieces have an oscillator of some sort- an object which, through its continuous, unvarying motions, "tells" a watch or clock how much time has passed. The oscillator in a grandfather clock, for instance, is a pendulum.
3) Automatic: the mainspring is wound automatically as a result of natural motion of the wearer's arm, to provide energy to run the watch, making manual winding unnecessary.
4) Manual winding movement: A mechanical watch is powered by an internal spiral mainspring which turns the gears that move the hands. The spring loses energy as the watch runs, so in a manual watch movement the spring must be wound periodically by turning a small knob on the case, the crown, to provide energy to run the watch. Otherwise, once the energy in the mainspring runs out, it stops.
3. change battery sign (EOL): this is a battery end-of-life indicator.
Low energy sign (EOE): when second hand ticks four seconds a time, you have to replenish energy, in this case it won’t influence normal operation of the watch.
4. leap year in perpetual calendar
1). The Julian calendar, introduced by Julius Caesar in 46 BC (708 AUC), was a reform of the Roman calendar. It took effect in 45 BC (709 AUC). It was the predominant calendar in most of Europe, and in European settlements in the Americas and elsewhere, until it was refined and superseded by the Gregorian calendar. The difference in the length of the year between Julian (365.25 days) and Gregorian (365.2425 days) is 0.002%.
2). Gregorian calendar, the calendar was a refinement in 1582 to the Julian calendar amounting to a 0.002% correction in the length of the year. Every year that is exactly divisible by four is a leap year, except for years that are exactly divisible by 100; the centurial years that are exactly divisible by 400 are still leap years. For example, the year 1900 was not a leap year; the year 2000 was a leap year.
